Isaiah Chapter 5 – Explanation and Commentary

           

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Isaiah Chapter 5 – Simple Explanation and Commentary

Isaiah 5 is a strong and poetic chapter where the prophet Isaiah uses clear pictures and stories to show how disappointed God is with the people of Judah. The chapter includes a story about a vineyard that acts like a parable and a warning. It has three main parts: a story, a list of wrongdoings, and a warning of judgment.

1.  The Song of the Vineyard is a story(Isaiah 5:1–7

2. The Six Woes (vv. 8–25)

3. The Coming Judgment (verses 26–30)

The mood changes from sad and full of grief to angry and full of blame, showing both God's love and His fairness in judgment.

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The Song of the Vineyard  In The Text (Isaiah 5:1–7

Verses 1–2 

"My friend had a vineyard on a good, sunny hill. He dug the ground, cleared the stones, and planted the best grapevines. He built a watchtower and made a place to crush the grapes. He hoped it would grow good grapes, but it only grew bad ones."

Explanation (Simple English):
Isaiah tells a story, like a song, to help people understand something important. The "friend" in the story is God, and the vineyard is His people—Israel, especially the part called Judah. God gave them everything they needed to grow and live well. He cared for them and prepared everything perfectly. But instead of doing what was right, they turned away and did wrong, like bad grapes growing instead of good ones.

• I planted it in good soil.

• Cleared it of stones

• Planted choice vines

• Built a watchtower and a winepress

Despite all this, the vineyard produced wild grapes—a symbol of moral and spiritual corruption.

Verses 3–4:

Is there anything else I could have done for my vineyard?

God asks a question to show how unfair and ungrateful the people are. Even though He helped and cared for them, they still chose to turn against Him and not listen.

Verses 5–6:

“I will remove its hedge… it shall be trampled down.”

The parable takes a turn: the vineyard will be judged. God will remove His protection, allowing foreign nations to devastate it—symbolizing exile and destruction. The once-protected people will face desolation.

Verse 7:

He wanted justice, but only found violence; he hoped for fairness, but all he heard were people crying for help.

This verse interprets the parable. The Hebrew uses a wordplay:

• "Justice" means being fair, following the rules, and doing what’s right. It’s about treating everyone equally and acting in a good way.
• "Bloodshed" means causing harm or violence, usually leading to injury or death.
• "Righteousness" means doing what is right and fair, living in a moral and good way.
• "Cries of distress" means loud and urgent calls for help, often because someone is in danger or hurting.
• The first idea is about doing the right thing in life. The second is about asking for help when you're in danger or feeling hurt.

God expected ethical living but found violence and oppression instead.

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2. The Six Woes (Isaiah 5:8–25)

Here, Isaiah lists six specific "woes"—divine warnings against the corrupt practices of the people.

Woe 1: Greed (v. 8–10)

"Woe to those who keep buying more and more houses and land, piling them up until there's no room for anyone else."

This is a warning about people being selfish and hoarding property, not thinking about others.

The wealthy who control land and resources, pushing out the poor and taking advantage of others, end up with empty, lonely estates, facing judgment and isolation.

Verse 10’s agricultural metaphor shows futility—large investments yielding very little—an image of divine curse.

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Woe 2: Drunkenness and Hedonism (vv. 11–12)

“Woe to those who rise early to run after their drinks…”

Isaiah condemns indulgent living: people prioritize pleasure and partying over God. Their lives are filled with music and wine, yet they ignore “the deeds of the Lord.”

This isn’t just about drinking—it’s about disregarding God while immersing in self-pleasure.

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Resulting Judgment (vv. 13–17)

Because of these sins, Isaiah declares that:

• Exile is coming: "My people will be forced into exile because they don't understand."
• The proud will be brought down, and God will be honored.
• Sheol (the grave) is pictured as opening wide, a frightening image of death and judgment.

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Woe 3:"Being skeptical and resisting authority or rules."(v. 18–19)

"How terrible for those who carry sin with lies..."

 This is talking about people who joke about God's judgment and challenge Him to act fast because they don't believe He will actually do anything. Their attitude shows pride and sarcasm.

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Woe 4: Not sure what’s right or wrong. (v. 20)

"Sad are those who say wrong is right and right is wrong."

This well-known verse warns against moral relativism—when people change the meaning of right and wrong to suit themselves, their culture, or what benefits them.

This verse is highly relevant even today, highlighting the danger of distorting God’s moral order.

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Woe 5: Self-Wisdom (v. 21)

"Trouble will come to those who think they're so smart and always right."

Pride and intellectual arrogance are condemned here. People reject God’s truth, believing they know better—a spiritual blindness.

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Woe 6: Corruption and Injustice (vv. 22–23)

“Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine…”

This doesn’t praise warriors—it sarcastically labels those who are “heroes” only in partying. The deeper issue is bribery and perversion of justice. They acquit the guilty and condemn the innocent—all for money.

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Verses 24–25: Consequences

All these sins lead to divine wrath:

• God’s anger burns against His people

• Their root will decay

• They will be like a dying plant, without life or fruit

Verse 25 describes God's hand being raised in judgment, and even earthquakes are mentioned as part of the devastation.

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3. The Coming Judgment (Isaiah 5:26–30)

Verses 26–30:

“He lifts up a banner for the distant nations…”

The final portion describes how God will summon foreign nations as instruments of judgment. These armies are:

• Swift and powerful

• Organized and ready

• Relentless and terrifying

The description of these invaders paints them like a force of nature—unstoppable and divinely sent.

The final image is chilling:

“If one looks at the land, there is only darkness and distress.”

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Themes in Isaiah 5

1. God's Justice and Mercy

The vineyard parable shows that God gives every opportunity for His people to flourish, but He will judge sin when they reject Him.

2. Social and Economic Injustice

Many of the woes deal with the mistreatment of others—through greed, bribery, and corruption. Isaiah emphasizes ethical living as inseparable from faith.

3. Moral Clarity

Isaiah warns against confusing good and evil. God's people are called to moral discernment and alignment with His standards.

4. Divine Sovereignty

Even the invading armies are depicted as under God's control. This reminds the reader that God governs the nations, even when using them as tools of discipline.

5. Relevance for Today

Isaiah 5 speaks not just to ancient Judah but to every society that experiences:

• Spiritual apathy

• Moral confusion

• Social injustice

• Pride and self-reliance

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Conclusion

Isaiah 5 is a masterclass in prophetic poetry and divine indictment. It opens with a lamentation rooted in love—God singing over His vineyard—but quickly moves to judgment rooted in holiness. The six woes point out the people's sins, like being greedy, drunk, unfair, and proud. The chapter ends by warning about an invasion and the country's downfall, showing how serious it is to turn away from God.

Although the chapter is serious, it also offers some hope—God’s justice isn’t random; it happens because people have broken His trust. And throughout the book of Isaiah, this judgment eventually leads to restoration, which will be developed in later chapters.